Apple Stack

Apple.com is built with the following tech stack:

Document Encoding

UTF-8

UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode. It is the preferred encoding for web pages.

Mobile

Viewport Meta

This page uses the viewport meta tag which means the content may be optimized for mobile content.

Document Standards

Meta Description

The description attribute provides a concise explanation of the page content.

Open Graph Protocol

The Open Graph protocol enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph, a open protocol supported by Facebook

Canonical Content Tag

Public specification of a preferred URL for a page allows search engines to understand the original location for content.

HREF Lang

Contains language specific links.

Cascading Style Sheets

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML

Javascript

JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development.

JSON-LD

JSON-LD, or JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data, is a method of transporting Linked Data using JSON.

WAI-ARIA

A way to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people with disabilities. It especially helps with dynamic content and advanced user interface controls developed with Ajax, HTML, JavaScript, and related technologies.

HTML5 DocType

The DOCTYPE is a required preamble for HTML5 websites.

HTML 5 Specific Tags

This page contains tags that are specific to an HTML 5 implementation.

Content Security Policy

Content Security Policy is a computer security concept, to prevent cross-site scripting XSS attacks.

X-XSS-Protection

X-XSS-Protection is a HTTP header set by Internet Explorer 8+. This header lets domains toggle on and off the "XSS Filter" of IE8, which prevents some categories of XSS attacks.

Content Type Options

Used to disable MIME-sniffing for a particular HTTP response.

Referrer Policy

Requests made from a document, and for navigations away from that document are associated with a Referrer header. This policy determines in the browser should send a referrer or not.

Strict Transport Security

The HTTP Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS) header instructs the browser to only use https.

Language

United States HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in United States via the use of the hreflang tag.

Austria HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Austria via the use of the hreflang tag.

Australia HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Australia via the use of the hreflang tag.

Belgium HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Belgium via the use of the hreflang tag.

Belgium HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Belgium via the use of the hreflang tag.

Brazil HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Brazil via the use of the hreflang tag.

Canada HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Canada via the use of the hreflang tag.

Canada HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Canada via the use of the hreflang tag.

Switzerland HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Switzerland via the use of the hreflang tag.

Switzerland HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Switzerland via the use of the hreflang tag.

Chile HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Chile via the use of the hreflang tag.

Spanish - Colombia HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Spanish - Colombia via the use of the hreflang tag.

Germany HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Germany via the use of the hreflang tag.

Denmark HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Denmark via the use of the hreflang tag.

Spain HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Spain via the use of the hreflang tag.

Finland HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Finland via the use of the hreflang tag.

France HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in France via the use of the hreflang tag.

HongKong HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in HongKong via the use of the hreflang tag.

HongKong HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in HongKong via the use of the hreflang tag.

Indonesia HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Indonesia via the use of the hreflang tag.

India HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in India via the use of the hreflang tag.

Italy HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Italy via the use of the hreflang tag.

Japan HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Japan via the use of the hreflang tag.

Korea HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Korea via the use of the hreflang tag.

Argentina HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Argentina via the use of the hreflang tag.

Mexico HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Mexico via the use of the hreflang tag.

Malaysia HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Malaysia via the use of the hreflang tag.

Netherlands HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Netherlands via the use of the hreflang tag.

Norway HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Norway via the use of the hreflang tag.

New Zealand HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in New Zealand via the use of the hreflang tag.

Philippines HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Philippines via the use of the hreflang tag.

Poland HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Poland via the use of the hreflang tag.

Portugal HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Portugal via the use of the hreflang tag.

Romanian - Romania HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Romanian - Romania via the use of the hreflang tag.

Russia HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Russia via the use of the hreflang tag.

Saudi Arabia HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Saudi Arabia via the use of the hreflang tag.

Sweden HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Sweden via the use of the hreflang tag.

Singapore HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Singapore via the use of the hreflang tag.

Turkey HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Turkey via the use of the hreflang tag.

Taiwan HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in Taiwan via the use of the hreflang tag.

United Kingdom HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in United Kingdom via the use of the hreflang tag.

South Africa HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in South Africa via the use of the hreflang tag.

China HREF LANG

This webpage has alternate versions available in China via the use of the hreflang tag.

SSL Certificates

HSTS

Forces browsers to only communicate with the site using HTTPS.